In the construction industry, maintaining safety is critical due to the inherently hazardous nature of the work. A robust health and safety management system (HSMS) ensures the well-being of employees, reduces accidents, and promotes productivity. The principles guiding the formulation of such a system emphasize proactive planning, continuous monitoring, and active involvement of all stakeholders. The first principle is commitment from top management. Leadership must prioritize safety by establishing clear policies, allocating resources, and demonstrating personal involvement. Without management commitment, safety initiatives often fail to achieve their intended outcomes. Another key principle is risk assessment and hazard identification. Before any construction activity begins, potential risks must be systematically identified, analyzed, and prioritized. This includes evaluating physical hazards such as falling objects, electrical exposure, and machinery, as well as ergonomic and chemical hazards. Once identified, appropriate preventive and protective measures should be designed and implemented. Employee involvement is also crucial. Workers at all levels should be trained, informed, and empowered to