Cyberspace has become an essential component of modern facilities, supporting communication systems, operational technologies, data management, financial transactions, and infrastructure monitoring. As organizations increasingly rely on digital platforms and interconnected networks, security challenges in cyberspace have grown significantly. Facilities such as corporate offices, hospitals, educational institutions, transportation hubs, government buildings, and industrial plants face numerous cyber threats that can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive information, and endanger physical safety. Understanding the most common security issues in cyberspace is therefore vital for maintaining safety and security within modern facilities. One of the most widespread security issues in cyberspace is unauthorized access or hacking. Hackers attempt to gain entry into computer systems, servers, or networks without permission in order to steal, manipulate, or destroy data. Weak passwords, poor authentication mechanisms, and outdated software often provide entry points for attackers. Once access is obtained, cybercriminals may monitor communications, alter operational data, or shut down critical systems. In facilities that depend on automated control systems, such breaches can interrupt essential services such as electricity management, surveillance systems, or access control mechanisms, creating serious safety risks. Malware attacks represent another major cyber security concern. Malware refers to malicious software designed to damage systems or gain unauthorized control over digital devices. Common forms include viruses, worms, spyware, trojans, and ransomware. Malware can enter facility networks through infected email attachments, compromised websites, or unauthorized downloads. Ransomware attacks are particularly dangerous because they encrypt organizational data and demand payment for restoration. Facilities managing sensitive records, such as healthcare centers or financial institutions, may experience operational paralysis when systems become inaccessible, affecting both service delivery and security monitoring. Phishing and social engineering attacks exploit human vulnerabilities rather than