Question
Explain the global paradigms of extension.
Answer :
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Extension has evolved globally through different paradigms reflecting changing development philosophies and power relations between the state, experts, and communities. The earliest paradigm was the Transfer of Technology (ToT) model, dominant in the 1950s–70s, especially during the Green Revolution. It followed a top-down approach where scientists generated innovations and extension agents transferred them to farmers. Farmers were viewed mainly as passive recipients of knowledge, and success was measured in terms of productivity growth. The second paradigm emphasized Advisory and Training approaches.
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