Question
Explain the features of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
Answer :
Word Count : 980
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Skip in 10
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change is a landmark international treaty adopted in December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It represents a global effort to address climate change and limit its harmful impacts on the environment, human health, and economies. One of the most significant features of the Paris Agreement is its universal participation. Unlike previous climate accords, such as the Kyoto Protocol, which imposed binding obligations mainly on developed countries, the Paris Agreement requires commitments from all nations, both developed and developing. This universality ensures that every country contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions according to its capabilities and circumstances, reflecting the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” (CBDR-RC). The central goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with an aspirational aim of keeping the increase below 1.5 degrees Celsius. This target is significant because scientific research indicates that warming beyond these thresholds would lead to severe environmental disruptions, including extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. To achieve this goal, countries are required to prepare, communicate, and maintain successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs). NDCs are essentially climate action plans in which countries outline the measures they intend to take to reduce emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. The Agreement encourages nations to progressively enhance the ambition of their NDCs over time, with each new submission expected to be more rigorous than the last, fostering a process of continuous improvement in global climate efforts. Another notable feature of the Paris Agreement is its focus on transparency and accountability. The Agreement establishes a robust transparency framework that requires countries to report their emissions and the progress made toward their NDC targets regularly. This reporting is subject to technical expert review, which ensures that data is accurate and reliable. The transparency framework not only builds trust among nations but also allows for a collective assessment of global progress in limiting climate change. By comparing commitments with actual
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