Travel alliances in the tourism industry refer to cooperative arrangements between different travel and tourism organizations that work together to provide better services, expand market reach, and improve operational efficiency. These alliances are formed between airlines, hotels, travel agencies, tour operators, cruise companies, and other tourism service providers. The primary objective of such cooperation is to create a network of services that enhances the overall travel experience while reducing operational costs and increasing profitability for the participating organizations. In tourism business operations, travel alliances play an important role in coordinating services and simplifying travel procedures. Tourism is a highly interconnected industry where a single trip may involve transportation, accommodation, food services, sightseeing, and entertainment. Through alliances, companies combine their resources and capabilities to offer integrated travel products such as package tours. For example, an airline may collaborate with hotels and car rental companies to provide complete travel packages that include flights, accommodation, and local transportation. One of the most common forms of travel alliances occurs among airlines. Airlines enter into strategic alliances to expand their route