B.R. Ambedkar, widely recognized for his contributions to social justice, constitutional reforms, and the upliftment of marginalized communities in India, also held progressive and often overlooked views on economic and demographic issues. Among these, his ideas on population control reflected a deep understanding of the interconnection between economic development, social welfare, and demographic management. Ambedkar perceived population control not merely as a matter of restricting birth rates but as a complex social and economic issue that required systemic reform and active state intervention. Ambedkar’s concern about population growth was closely tied to his vision of economic progress and social equality. He observed that excessive population growth, especially among economically disadvantaged communities, could perpetuate poverty, illiteracy, and social stagnation. He argued that without proper management of population growth, efforts to eradicate poverty or improve education and health would be undermined. For Ambedkar, population control was not about coercion but about creating conditions in which families would naturally choose to have fewer children, based on improved awareness, economic security, and access to resources. Central to Ambedkar’s approach to population control was the idea of education and enlightenment. He strongly believed that education, particularly for women, was critical in moderating population growth. Educated women, he argued, were more likely to understand the economic and social implications of large families and make informed decisions about family size. In his writings, Ambedkar emphasized the empowerment of women through education and employment opportunities, recognizing that women’s status in society directly influenced fertility patterns. He saw education not just as a tool for personal development but as a strategic instrument for economic planning and demographic stability. Ambedkar also linked population control to economic policy and labor management. He believed that unchecked population growth could strain resources and impede industrial and agricultural development. India, in his view, needed to maintain a balance between population size and economic capacity to ensure sustainable growth. Ambedkar stressed that population control measures should be integrated with broader economic reforms, including land redistribution, industrialization, and social security programs. He argued that economic empowerment, particularly of marginalized communities, would naturally reduce the incentive for very large families, as families would prefer to invest in the quality of life and education of fewer children rather than the sheer quantity. Another aspect of Ambedkar’s economic thought in relation to population control was his critique