Disaster management and development are intertwined processes aimed at reducing the impact of disasters and ensuring sustainable recovery and growth. Various agencies—ranging from government bodies to non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations, and local communities—play critical roles in these areas. Each agency has specific responsibilities and contributes uniquely to rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery efforts. At the core of disaster management is the government's role. National and local government agencies are central to coordinating the disaster response. The national government, through ministries and agencies such as the Ministry of Home Affairs or National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), develops policies, strategies, and frameworks for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. It allocates resources, provides technical support, and leads the coordination of efforts across different levels of government. Local government bodies, such as municipalities and district authorities, manage the ground-level implementation of disaster relief, evacuation, and recovery efforts. Government agencies also play a key role in disaster recovery through the rehabilitation and reconstruction phases. These phases involve rebuilding infrastructure, restoring services, and providing long-term support to affected communities. The government’s role here extends to providing financial assistance, building policies that prioritize disaster resilience, and ensuring that reconstruction efforts are sustainable and equitable. For instance, the government may implement disaster-resistant construction techniques to prevent future damage, or ensure that critical infrastructure like hospitals, schools, and roads are rebuilt first to serve as hubs of recovery. Local authorities, such as district or city councils, often collaborate with national government agencies but are typically closer to the affected communities. They are better placed to understand the specific needs of their populations and are responsible for distributing relief, organizing temporary shelters, and facilitating community-based recovery. These local authorities are also essential in ensuring that recovery efforts address the needs of marginalized groups, such as the elderly, women, and those with disabilities, who may be disproportionately affected by disasters. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) also play an indispensable role in disaster management and development. NGOs are often among the first responders in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, providing food, water, shelter, and medical assistance.