Mohenjodaro, one of the most remarkable urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization, represents the highest stage of urban development in ancient South Asia during the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600–1900 BCE). Situated on the right bank of the Indus River in present-day Sindh, Pakistan, Mohenjodaro was discovered in the early twentieth century by R. D. Banerji and subsequently excavated under the direction of Sir John Marshall, Ernest Mackay, and Mortimer Wheeler. The city provides valuable archaeological evidence of early urban planning, civic administration, technological advancement, economic prosperity, and social organization, making it a key subject in the study of urbanization in India. One of the most striking features of Mohenjodaro is its well-planned layout. The city was constructed according to a gridiron pattern, with streets intersecting each other at right angles, dividing the settlement into rectangular blocks. This systematic arrangement reflects careful planning rather than haphazard growth. The major streets were broad, while smaller lanes connected residential areas to the main roads. Such planning indicates the existence of a civic authority capable of regulating urban development and maintaining public infrastructure. The city was broadly divided into two distinct sections: the Citadel and the Lower Town. The Citadel, built on an elevated mud-brick platform, occupied the western part of the city and contained important public buildings. The raised platform protected this section from floods and perhaps symbolized administrative or ceremonial importance. The Lower Town, spread over a larger area, consisted mainly of residential neighborhoods where the majority of the population lived. The clear division between these sectors demonstrates functional zoning, a characteristic of advanced urban settlements. The construction techniques employed at Mohenjodaro reveal a remarkable degree of standardization. Buildings were primarily constructed with uniformly baked bricks of standardized