Ethno-political movements in India refer to collective struggles based on ethnicity, tribe, language, culture, religion, or regional identity, seeking recognition, autonomy, political representation, or control over resources. These movements have emerged due to historical marginalization, uneven development, perceived discrimination, and the desire to preserve distinct cultural identities. In the context of tribes and peasants, ethno-political movements have often represented resistance against state policies, land alienation, exploitation by outsiders, and threats to traditional ways of life. India's ethnic diversity has its roots in the coexistence of numerous tribal and linguistic communities with distinct customs, social organizations, and belief systems. The post-independence process of nation-building attempted to integrate these diverse groups through constitutional safeguards and democratic institutions. However, developmental policies, administrative centralization, and economic inequalities generated dissatisfaction among several ethnic communities, leading to organized political mobilization. One of the earliest and most significant ethno-political movements was the Naga