Question
Elucidate the factors contributing to disability and the role of community in the prevention of disabilities.
Answer :
Word Count : 826
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Skip in 10
Disability is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that arises from the interaction between an individual’s health condition and various personal, social, environmental, and economic factors. It is not merely a medical issue but a development and human rights concern, which is why Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) places strong emphasis on understanding causes of disability and mobilizing community resources for its prevention. The factors contributing to disability can broadly be classified into biological, environmental, social, economic, and service-related factors, many of which are preventable through timely community action. Biological and health-related factors play a major role in the occurrence of disability. These include genetic disorders, congenital anomalies, complications during pregnancy and childbirth, malnutrition, infectious diseases, and chronic illnesses. Poor maternal health, inadequate antenatal care, anemia, infections during pregnancy, and unsafe delivery practices can result in conditions such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, hearing impairment, or visual impairment. Childhood diseases like polio, measles, meningitis, and tuberculosis can also cause permanent disabilities if not prevented or treated early. In adulthood, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and mental health conditions contribute significantly to disability, particularly when diagnosis and rehabilitation services are delayed or inaccessible. Environmental factors are another major contributor to disability. Unhygienic living conditions, unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, pollution, and overcrowded housing increase the risk of infections and chronic health problems. Physical environments that are unsafe, such as poorly designed roads, lack of traffic regulation, unsafe workplaces, and absence of safety measures in industries and agriculture, lead to accidents and injuries resulting in physical disabilities. Natural disasters, armed conflict, and climate-related hazards also contribute to disability by causing injuries, psychological trauma, and
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