What is Object Orientation? Explain advantages of Object Oriented approach of system design over Structured approach of system design.
Object-orientation is a software engineering approach that models a system as a group of interacting objects. Each object represents some entity of interest in the system being modeled, and is characterised by its class, its state (data elements), and its behavior. Various models can be created to show the static structure, dynamic behavior, and run-time deployment of these collaborating objects. There are a number of different notations for representing these models, such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Object-oriented analysis (OOA) applies object-modelling techniques to analyze the functional requirements for a system. Object-oriented design (OOD) elaborates the analysis models to produce implementation specifications. OOA focuses on what the system does, OOD on how the system does it.
The object-oriented approach has the following advantages: when the expert system is large, complexity is reduced through modularization, that is, by subdividing the system into manageable size components, such as objects, and establishing well-defined relationships between them. The internal design of each object is localised so that it does not depend on the internal design of another component. The design concepts are separated from the implementation details.
That means that rules are developed separately from the objects that they manipulate. Objects can be reused. They are written and debugged once, and then matched to form new applications.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" and their interactions to design applications and computer programs.
Object Oriented Development (OOD) has been touted as the next great advance in software engineering. It promises to reduce development time, reduce the time and resources required to maintain existing applications, increase code reuse, and provide a competitive advantage to organizations that use it.
The key ideas of the object oriented approach are :
* Encapsulation
* Objects
* Class and Inheritance
* Instances and Instantiation
* Methods and Messages
Some important features of
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