IGNOU BCOS 184 2026 - Discuss the various e-commerce business models based on targ

Question

Discuss the various e-commerce business models based on target customers. Provide real-world examples for B2B, B2C, C2C, and D2C models.

12 Feb 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 445

E-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses and consumers interact, creating diverse business models tailored to specific target customers. These models are primarily categorized based on the relationship between the buyer and the seller, such as B2B, B2C, C2C, and D2C, each serving distinct market needs and operational strategies. The B2B (Business-to-Business) model focuses on transactions between businesses rather than individual consumers. This model is typically used by manufacturers, wholesalers, and suppliers who sell products or services to other companies. B2B platforms facilitate bulk purchases, long-term contracts, and efficient supply chain management. A prominent example is Alibaba, which connects global suppliers with businesses seeking raw materials, components, or finished goods. Another example is Salesforce, which provides cloud-based software solutions to organizations for customer relationship management and business operations, demonstrating how B2B can also include services and software. In contrast, the B2C (Business-to-Consumer) model directly targets individual consumers, making it the most visible form of e-commerce in daily

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