The Arabs played a crucial role in the preservation, development, and transmission of scientific knowledge during the medieval period, especially from the 8th to the 14th century, often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age. Their contributions spanned various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and engineering, significantly influencing the progress of science both in the East and later in Europe. One of the most salient aspects of Arab contribution was their role in preserving and translating ancient Greek, Roman, Indian, and Persian scientific texts. Scholars in the Arab world translated works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen, and Indian mathematicians into Arabic, making these works accessible and enabling further study and refinement. The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was a major center for this intellectual activity, where scholars not only translated but also expanded on these ideas. In mathematics, Arabs introduced the decimal positional number system and made algebra a separate discipline. The word “algebra” itself comes from the title of a famous book, "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala," written by the Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi.