Sanitation plays a crucial role in maintaining public health, and its improvement requires the active involvement of various stakeholders, including government bodies, local authorities, private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), communities, and individuals. Each stakeholder has a unique role in driving forward effective sanitation solutions, ensuring that resources are utilized efficiently, and creating a clean and healthy environment for everyone. The government, as the primary authority, holds significant responsibility for formulating policies, allocating resources, and ensuring the implementation of sanitation programs. National, regional, and local governments must create a regulatory framework that promotes the availability of sanitation facilities, encourages proper waste disposal, and enhances public awareness about hygiene practices. Governments are also in charge of providing infrastructure, such as sewage treatment plants, waste management systems, and public toilets. Public funding for sanitation projects, especially in underserved areas, is crucial to provide equitable access to essential services. In many countries, governments have established national sanitation programs like the Swachh Bharat Mission in India, aiming to achieve cleanliness and sanitation goals on a large scale. Local authorities, such as municipalities and panchayats, are vital in implementing sanitation policies at the grassroots level. They oversee the management of sanitation services, including waste collection, sewage treatment, and maintaining cleanliness in public spaces. Local authorities work closely with communities to identify their sanitation needs and adapt solutions to local contexts. They also play a key role in monitoring and maintaining sanitation infrastructure, ensuring its proper functioning, and addressing emerging sanitation challenges. The private sector can bring innovation and efficiency