Public policy formulation in India is a complex and dynamic process involving the coordinated functioning of the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. These three organs of the state, envisaged under the Constitution, perform distinct yet interrelated roles in shaping policies that guide governance, development, and social transformation. Their interaction ensures that policy formulation is democratic, accountable, and aligned with constitutional values. The Legislature plays a foundational role in policy formulation as it represents the will of the people. In India, Parliament at the Union level and State Legislatures at the state level are the primary forums where public issues are debated and translated into laws and policies. Through elections, citizens delegate authority to their representatives, making legislative policy-making inherently democratic. The Legislature formulates policy mainly through the enactment of laws, approval of budgets, and deliberation on national priorities. Bills introduced in Parliament often reflect the policy agenda of the ruling government, but they are subject to discussion, scrutiny, and amendment by members of both Houses. Parliamentary debates allow diverse viewpoints to be expressed, ensuring that policies are not merely executive decisions but collective outcomes. Legislative committees further strengthen the role of the Legislature in policy formulation. Standing committees, select committees, and joint committees examine proposed legislation in detail, consult experts and stakeholders, and suggest modifications. This committee system enables informed policy-making beyond partisan debate. The Legislature also exercises influence through questions, motions, and resolutions, compelling the Executive to justify its policies and sometimes revise them. Financial policy formulation is another crucial area where the Legislature’s role is decisive, as no taxation or public expenditure can be undertaken without legislative approval. Thus, the Legislature provides legitimacy, direction, and accountability to the policy process. The Executive is the most active and influential actor in policy formulation in India. It comprises the political executive—Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Chief Ministers, and State Councils of Ministers—and the permanent executive, namely the civil services. While the Legislature provides the formal authority, the Executive initiates, designs, and implements most public policies. In a parliamentary system like India’s, the political executive is