The Geneva Conventions Act, 1960, represents India’s domestic legal framework to give effect to the principles of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949. These conventions form the core of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), focusing on the protection of individuals during armed conflicts, whether international or non-international. The Act was enacted to incorporate the obligations arising from these conventions into Indian law, ensuring that violations could be prosecuted under domestic statutes, and that India complied with its international responsibilities. One of the main features of the Geneva Conventions Act, 1960, is the recognition of the conventions as binding within the territory of India. The Act explicitly criminalizes grave breaches of the conventions, including acts such as willful killing, torture, inhumane treatment, or unlawful confinement of prisoners of war or civilian persons. This ensures that any serious violation, whether committed by military personnel or civilians, falls under Indian criminal law and can be prosecuted in Indian courts. By