Nationalism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the unity, identity, and interests of a particular nation. It is based on the belief that people who share common language, culture, history, or territory should form a sovereign political community. The idea of nationalism emerged prominently during the modern period, particularly after the decline of feudalism and the rise of nation-states in Europe. It played a significant role in shaping modern political systems and inspiring movements for independence and self-determination across the world. Nationalism generally promotes loyalty, devotion, and emotional attachment to one’s nation, and it often seeks to preserve national traditions and values. The concept of nationalism is closely linked with the formation of the modern state. Before the rise of nationalism, political authority was often fragmented under monarchies, empires, or local feudal structures. The growth of industrialization, communication systems, and education contributed to the spread of national consciousness among people. Nationalism helped in unifying diverse populations under a common political identity. It also provided legitimacy to democratic governance by emphasizing the idea that political authority should derive from the people of the nation. One of the important features of nationalism is the sense of collective identity. People develop a feeling of belongingness to their nation through shared symbols such as national flags, anthems, historical memories, and cultural practices. Nationalism strengthens social solidarity by encouraging people to think beyond individual or regional interests. It promotes national integration by reducing internal conflicts and encouraging cooperation among different social groups within a country. However, nationalism is not always a positive force. While it can