Hospitals are among the most fire-sensitive facilities because they operate continuously, house vulnerable occupants, and contain a high density of electrical equipment, medical gases, flammable chemicals, and combustible materials. Fire prevention and protection in hospitals therefore requires a comprehensive, layered approach that integrates building design, operational controls, active and passive protection systems, staff preparedness, and continuous monitoring. The primary objective is not only to prevent the outbreak of fire but also to ensure the safety of patients who may be immobile, unconscious, or dependent on life-support systems, while maintaining critical healthcare services during emergencies. Fire prevention begins at the planning and design stage of hospital buildings. Site selection, zoning, and layout play a crucial role in reducing fire risk. Hospitals are generally designed with compartmentation, where the building is divided into fire-resistant zones using fire-rated walls, floors, and doors. This limits the spread of fire and smoke, allowing for horizontal evacuation rather than immediate vertical evacuation, which is safer for patients. The use of fire-resistant construction materials, low-smoke generating finishes, and non-combustible structural components significantly reduces fire load. Proper spacing between buildings and provision of open areas facilitate access for fire-fighting vehicles and reduce the risk of external fire spread. Electrical safety is a critical aspect of fire prevention in hospitals. Given the extensive use of electrical and electronic medical equipment, strict adherence to electrical codes is essential. Measures include proper wiring, use of circuit breakers and residual current devices, regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems, and avoidance of overloading sockets. Backup power systems such as generators and uninterruptible power supplies are installed with adequate fire protection to prevent overheating and ignition. Regular thermographic inspections are often used to detect hotspots in electrical panels before they develop into fire hazards. Control of combustible and flammable materials is another important preventive measure. Hospitals store oxygen cylinders, anesthetic gases, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, disinfectants, laboratory chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, many of which are highly flammable or reactive. These materials are stored in designated, well-ventilated,