Question

 

Discuss the factors responsible for the degradation of lakes and wetlands.

18 Dec 2025
Answer :
Word Count : 1076
Lakes and wetlands are critical components of the aquatic ecosystem, providing habitat for numerous species, regulating hydrological cycles, supporting nutrient cycling, and offering numerous services to humans, including water purification, flood control, and recreation. However, over recent decades, these ecosystems have faced severe degradation due to a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Understanding the factors responsible for the degradation of lakes and wetlands is essential to develop effective conservation strategies and maintain the ecological balance of aquatic environments. One of the primary factors contributing to the degradation of lakes and wetlands is pollution. Pollution can take multiple forms, including chemical, organic, and thermal pollution. Agricultural runoff is a major source of nutrient pollution, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, which lead to eutrophication in lakes and wetlands. Excessive nutrient input stimulates the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants, resulting in algal blooms that deplete oxygen levels, cause fish kills, and reduce biodiversity. Industrial effluents often introduce heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and organic pollutants into water bodies, altering water chemistry and negatively affecting aquatic organisms. Untreated or inadequately treated domestic sewage contributes to microbial contamination and high organic load, further exacerbating oxygen depletion and increasing the risk of disease outbreaks. Additionally, thermal pollution from industrial discharge alters the temperature regime of lakes, affecting species adapted to specific temperature ranges. Urbanization and land-use changes around lakes and wetlands are significant drivers of their degradation. Rapid urban expansion leads to habitat loss and fragmentation, reducing the natural buffer zones that protect water bodies. Impervious surfaces such as roads, pavements, and buildings increase surface runoff, carrying sediments, pollutants, and debris into lakes and wetlands. Construction activities along shorelines often destroy aquatic vegetation, destabilize sediments, and reduce the capacity of wetlands to act as natural water
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