Question
Discuss the differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles enshrined in our Constitution.
Answer :
Word Count : 989
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Skip in 10
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy are two distinctive but complementary features of the Indian Constitution that together aim to establish a democratic welfare state. Both are enshrined in Part III and Part IV respectively, yet they differ significantly in their nature, enforceability, scope, and philosophical foundations. Understanding their differences is essential to grasp the constitutional vision of balancing individual liberty with social and economic justice. Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution from Articles 12 to 35. They are considered essential human rights guaranteed to all citizens, and in some cases even to non-citizens, to ensure the protection of individual liberty and dignity. These rights include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and the Right to Constitutional Remedies. Their primary purpose is to limit the arbitrary power of the state and protect individuals from discrimination, oppression, and injustice. On the other hand, Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. They are guidelines or instructions given to the state to ensure social and economic democracy in the country. These principles aim to establish a welfare state by promoting social justice, economic equality, and political fairness. One of the most significant differences between the two lies in their enforceability. Fundamental Rights are justiciable in nature, which means they are legally enforceable in a court of law. If any Fundamental Right is violated, an individual has the right to approach the Supreme Court or High Courts for protection and enforcement. The judiciary has the power to declare any law or executive action unconstitutional if it infringes upon Fundamental Rights. In contrast, Directive Principles are non-justiciable. This means they cannot be enforced by courts if violated. They are moral and political obligations of the state rather than legally binding duties. However, this does not mean they are unimportant; rather, they
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