The concept of mind in psychology has been shaped by multiple schools of thought that challenged earlier mechanical and reductionist explanations of mental life. Among these, the Gestalt school made a distinctive contribution by emphasizing the holistic and organized nature of mental processes. Gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka argued that the mind does not function by merely adding up sensory elements; rather, it actively organizes experiences into meaningful wholes. Their famous principle that “the whole is more than the sum of its parts” redefined the understanding of perception, thinking, and consciousness. According to Gestalt psychology, the mind has an innate tendency to organize stimuli according to laws such as proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and figure–ground differentiation. These principles demonstrated that mental experience is structured and dynamic, not passive or fragmented. In problem-solving, Gestalt theorists highlighted insight learning, showing that the mind can suddenly reorganize a