Émile Durkheim, a pioneering figure in sociology, placed significant emphasis on the concept of objectivity in social research. For Durkheim, sociology was not merely a branch of philosophy or speculative thought but a rigorous scientific discipline capable of producing objective knowledge about social phenomena. He argued that social facts—defined as patterns of behavior, norms, values, and structures external to the individual—exist independently of personal consciousness and must be studied as “things.” This distinction was crucial because it allowed sociology to maintain objectivity by treating social phenomena as observable realities rather than subjective opinions or moral judgments. Durkheim insisted that sociologists must approach social facts with the same detachment