The Harvard Analytical Framework, also known as the Gender Roles Framework, is one of the widely used tools in gender analysis to examine the roles, responsibilities, resources, and decision-making patterns of women and men within a society. Developed by researchers at the Harvard Institute for International Development in collaboration with USAID, this framework aims to identify gender differences and understand how development interventions affect women and men differently. The central purpose of the Harvard Analytical Framework is to make women’s contributions visible in development planning and to highlight the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities between genders. It is based on the assumption that women and men participate differently in economic, social, and household activities due to socially constructed gender roles. By analysing these differences, planners and policymakers can design more gender-sensitive programmes. The framework consists of three major components: the activity profile, the access and control profile, and the influencing factors profile. The activity profile examines the division of labour between women and men. It identifies who performs specific productive, reproductive, and community-related activities. Productive activities include paid employment, farming, business, and income-generating work. Reproductive activities involve household responsibilities