Accident causation theories are essential in understanding the reasons behind incidents in the construction industry and developing effective safety management strategies. These theories provide frameworks for analyzing why accidents occur and how they can be prevented. One of the earliest and widely recognized theories is Heinrich’s Domino Theory. According to Heinrich, accidents result from a chain of sequential events, much like a row of dominos. The theory identifies five factors leading to accidents: ancestry and social environment, fault of the person, unsafe acts or conditions, the accident itself, and the resulting injury. In the context of construction, this theory emphasizes that unsafe acts by workers or unsafe conditions on the site, such as improper scaffolding, inadequate protective gear, or poorly maintained equipment, can trigger accidents, suggesting that removing or controlling any one factor can prevent the incident. Another important framework is the Human