Ozone layer depletion is a critical environmental issue that has far-reaching consequences for the Earth's biosphere. The ozone layer, located in the stratosphere between approximately 15 to 35 kilometers above the Earth's surface, plays a vital role in protecting living organisms by absorbing the majority of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UV-B and UV-C rays. Without this protective layer, life on Earth would be exposed to significantly higher levels of radiation, leading to detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and the overall stability of the environment. The primary cause of ozone layer depletion is the release of anthropogenic chemicals, especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These compounds were widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, foam production, and as propellants in aerosol sprays. Once released into the atmosphere, these stable compounds gradually rise to the stratosphere, where they undergo photodissociation under ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine and bromine atoms. These free halogen atoms catalytically destroy ozone molecules in a chain reaction. For instance, a single chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules before being deactivated. Bromine is even more efficient than chlorine in ozone destruction, although its atmospheric concentration is lower. The overall result is a thinning of the ozone layer, which is most pronounced over the polar regions, particularly Antarctica, leading to the formation of the so-called “ozone hole.” The environmental consequences of ozone depletion are profound and varied. Increased levels of UV-B radiation reaching the Earth's surface can have severe impacts on human health. Exposure to high doses of UV-B can lead to skin cancer, particularly melanoma and non-melanoma types, and is responsible for accelerating skin aging. UV-B radiation also causes cataracts and other eye disorders, compromising vision