Rural India has historically faced significant challenges in healthcare due to factors such as poor infrastructure, scarcity of trained medical professionals, geographic isolation, low literacy levels, and high levels of poverty. To address these challenges, the Government of India has implemented a variety of schemes and programmes aimed at improving access to healthcare services, promoting preventive care, strengthening health infrastructure, and ensuring equitable health outcomes. These programmes span across maternal and child health, communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutrition, sanitation, and public health awareness. One of the most prominent initiatives is the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), launched in 2005, which was later subsumed under the broader National Health Mission (NHM) in 2013. NRHM focuses on enhancing healthcare delivery in rural areas by improving infrastructure, increasing the availability of skilled healthcare workers, and promoting community participation. The mission emphasizes the establishment of Sub-Centres (SCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs), and Community Health Centres (CHCs) to ensure a tiered and accessible health system. It also introduced the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programme, deploying trained community health workers who serve as a bridge between rural communities and formal health services. ASHAs provide health education, facilitate access to antenatal and postnatal care, promote immunization, and support disease surveillance and control efforts. In addition to NRHM, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a targeted scheme to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by encouraging institutional deliveries. Under JSY, financial incentives are provided to pregnant women from economically weaker sections to deliver in government health facilities. This scheme is supported by Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), which ensures free delivery services, including free drugs, diagnostics, blood transfusion, and transport to and from health facilities, thus removing financial barriers to maternal healthcare. Child health is a critical focus in rural India, addressed through programmes such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). Launched in 1975, ICDS targets children under six, pregnant women, and lactating mothers by providing nutrition supplementation, health check-ups, immunization, and early childhood education. The programme is supported by Anganwadi Centres, which function as grassroots hubs for delivering nutrition and health services, counseling mothers, and monitoring growth and development. Immunization is