Social policy can be understood as a set of guidelines, principles, legislation, and activities that are designed to influence the living conditions of individuals and groups within a society with the aim of improving human welfare and addressing social needs. It deals with the organized response of the state and institutions to social issues and ensures the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. Social policy encompasses the strategies and interventions by governments, non-governmental organizations, and other institutions to secure well-being, promote social justice, and foster social cohesion. It has evolved historically in response to the changing socio-economic contexts, inequalities, and the demand for welfare, making it an essential field in administration and governance. The characteristics of social policy can be highlighted in several dimensions. First, it is essentially human-centered, focusing on the welfare of individuals, families, and communities. Unlike economic or fiscal policies that emphasize material growth, social policy prioritizes quality of life and dignity of people. Second, it is normative in nature, meaning it is value-based and influenced by ethical principles such as equality, justice, and inclusiveness. This gives social policy a moral dimension, where decisions are guided not merely by efficiency but also by fairness. Third, social policy is dynamic because it changes according to societal transformations, emerging challenges, and demographic shifts. For instance, the rise of industrialization, urbanization, or globalization leads to new welfare needs that reshape social policy frameworks. Fourth, it is interdisciplinary, borrowing insights from sociology, economics, political science, law, and public administration, since social problems are multifaceted and require holistic approaches. Fifth, social policy is both preventive and curative. It aims not only at solving existing social problems but also at preventing their occurrence through proactive measures such as education, healthcare, and employment generation. Sixth, social policy is comprehensive as it covers a wide spectrum of social issues including poverty, inequality, health, education, housing, social security, and gender justice. Finally, social policy involves collective responsibility, where both state and society play significant roles in the realization of welfare goals. The scope of social policy is extensive, encompassing various areas of social life where welfare and justice are needed. One of the most critical areas is poverty alleviation. Social policies are directed towards providing economic support and employment opportunities to marginalized groups so that they can achieve minimum standards of living. Welfare schemes like public distribution systems, social security pensions, or employment guarantee programs fall under this scope. Another significant area is health, where social policies ensure the accessibility and affordability of healthcare services. National health programs, insurance schemes, and primary health initiatives are essential aspects of health-related policies. Education also lies at the heart of social policy because it directly impacts empowerment, equality, and economic mobility. Policies like universal education, mid-day meals, and scholarships for disadvantaged groups are instruments