In the construction industry, accident causation is complex and influenced by technical, human, and organizational factors, which has led to the development of several theories to explain how accidents occur. Two important approaches are the multiple causation theory and the energy transfer theory, both of which provide valuable perspectives for improving safety management. The multiple causation theory, developed as an extension of earlier ideas associated with Herbert William Heinrich, emphasizes that accidents are rarely caused by a single factor. Instead, they result from a combination of unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, management failures, and environmental influences. In construction sites, this theory explains accidents as outcomes of interacting causes such as inadequate training, poor supervision, defective equipment, time pressure, and worker fatigue. For example, a fall from height may result from lack of guardrails, improper use of safety harnesses, insufficient supervision, and worker inattention occurring together. According to the multiple causation theory, prevention efforts should focus on identifying and controlling all contributing factors rather than blaming a single individual. Safety inspections, job safety analysis, proper training, and management commitment are considered essential tools. This theory highlights the importance of organizational culture and emphasizes that management systems play a major role in accident prevention. In construction projects,