Carbon nano materials have emerged as a revolutionary class of materials in the fields of energy and environment due to their unique structural, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties. These materials, which include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, fullerenes, and carbon quantum dots, possess exceptional surface area, high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and tunable chemical functionalities, making them highly suitable for advanced energy storage, conversion, and environmental remediation applications. In the context of energy, carbon nano materials play a critical role in improving the efficiency and performance of devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells. For instance, carbon nanotubes and graphene are used as electrode materials in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Their high electrical conductivity ensures faster electron transport, while their large surface area allows for higher lithium-ion intercalation, resulting in improved energy density and cycle stability. Similarly, in supercapacitors, these materials provide rapid charge-discharge capabilities due to their porous structure and high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing power density without compromising energy storage. Carbon nano materials also contribute significantly to renewable energy harvesting. Graphene-based electrodes in dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells have been shown