India’s foreign policy is shaped by a complex interplay of historical, geographical, political, economic, and cultural factors, reflecting both its national interests and its role in the global order. The determinants of India’s foreign policy can be broadly categorized into internal and external factors, while the objectives define the principles guiding India’s interactions with the world. Understanding these determinants and objectives is crucial to comprehend India’s approach to international relations and its strategic positioning in the world. Historically, India’s foreign policy has been influenced by its colonial past. The experience of British colonial rule instilled a strong desire for sovereignty, self-reliance, and non-interference in domestic affairs. This historical memory continues to inform India’s emphasis on maintaining independence in decision-making and pursuing a policy of strategic autonomy. The legacy of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which India played a significant role in during the Cold War, also continues to shape its policy of balancing relations with major powers while avoiding alignment with any single bloc. Geography plays a crucial role in determining India’s foreign policy. Located in South Asia, India shares borders with key countries such as China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. This geographical positioning necessitates a foreign policy that ensures border security, maintains regional stability, and promotes friendly relations with neighboring countries. The maritime dimension, with access to the Indian Ocean, further adds to India’s strategic considerations, influencing its efforts to secure sea lanes, protect trade routes, and project power in the region. Domestic political factors are significant determinants as well. The democratic nature of India, with a vibrant political system, shapes its foreign policy in terms of public opinion, national interest, and political ideology. Policy decisions are influenced by electoral considerations, party ideologies, and the need to respond to domestic constituencies. For instance, issues related to national security, terrorism, and relations with Pakistan often evoke strong public opinion, which policymakers must navigate carefully. Economic considerations are increasingly central to India’s foreign policy. With rapid economic growth and aspirations to become a global economic power, India seeks foreign investments, trade partnerships, and technological collaboration. Its foreign policy focuses on creating a favorable environment for economic development, attracting foreign direct investment, and expanding markets for Indian