Smart cities are urban areas designed to leverage information and communication technologies (ICT) and other means to enhance the quality of life for their residents, optimize resource usage, and promote sustainable development. At the core of a smart city is the integration of digital infrastructure with urban planning, enabling efficient governance, environmental management, transportation, energy, and public services. One of the defining features of smart cities is their reliance on data-driven decision-making. Sensors, IoT devices, and advanced analytics collect real-time data across various sectors such as traffic management, energy consumption, waste disposal, water supply, and public safety. This data is used to optimize city operations, reduce costs, and improve the delivery of services, making urban living more convenient and sustainable. Another key characteristic of smart cities is sustainability. They aim to minimize environmental impact by promoting green energy, efficient waste management, and water conservation. Smart grids, renewable energy integration, and energy-efficient buildings are fundamental components. Urban mobility is another major focus; smart cities employ intelligent transportation systems, electric vehicles, and real-time traffic monitoring to reduce congestion and carbon emissions. Citizen engagement is a further defining feature, with digital platforms enabling residents to actively participate in governance, report issues, and access services efficiently. This participatory approach enhances transparency, accountability, and responsiveness of municipal authorities. In addition, smart cities emphasize resilience and adaptability. They are designed to handle emergencies such as natural disasters or pandemics with minimal disruption, utilizing