Nutritional biochemistry is the study of the biochemical processes through which nutrients affect metabolism and overall health. It focuses on how the body absorbs, processes, and utilizes various nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These nutrients play critical roles in energy production, cellular function, and the regulation of metabolic pathways.

Carbohydrates are primarily a source of energy. When ingested, they are broken down into glucose, which is used by the cells to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles or converted into fat for long-term energy storage. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, regulates blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells and