Nutritional biochemistry is the study of the biochemical processes that occur when the body absorbs, utilizes, and metabolizes nutrients from food. It explores the roles of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and other bioactive compounds in maintaining health, growth, and disease prevention.

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body. They are broken down into glucose, which can be used immediately for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. The metabolism of carbohydrates involves enzymes like amylase and glucokinase, which convert complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars and facilitate their utilization. In conditions such as diabetes, this process is dysregulated, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

Proteins play a crucial role in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and structural components like collagen. The body breaks down dietary proteins into amino acids through proteolysis. These amino acids