Question
Examine the constitutional dimensions of democratic decentralisation in India.
Answer :
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: Democratic decentralisation needs to be appreciated in the context of post-modernism which marks an ideological shift in political terms from “authority to individuation values” and from “material welfare to aesthetic and spiritual concerns” epitomised by the generic,
‘sustainable development’. ‘Modernist’ emphasis on order and conformance is giving way to plurality and diversity in secular, religious and cultural matters, redefining the concept of ethic/what constitutes right. This paradigm cultural shift is increasingly manifest in public policy for development administration. Democratic decentralisation is being advocated as an alternative to central control, particularly planning, which shows scant regard for local diversity (Ingelhart, 1997). Pluralism is the essence of democracy. To incorporate all interests in public policy, institutional is a must. In this unit we shall attempt to understand the political, constitutional and administrative ramifications of decentralisation. Emphasis would be on impact of decentralisation on administrative efficiency
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts have been major steps in the direction of decentralized governance in India. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates to introduce reforms in rural local bodies whereas the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act relates to bring reform in urban local bodies. These amendments have accorded constitutional recognition to rural and urban local bodies. The Acts aims at integrating the concept of people’s participation in a formal way with the planning process on the one hand and the devolution of responsibility to the people themselves on the other. These acts have addressed the persistent problems of irregular elections, suppression, inadequate representation, insufficient devolution of powers, lack of administrative and financial autonomy, and inadequate resources.
The concept of Democratic Decentralisation has become fashionable in modern economic and political theories for political restructuring and for fashioning new strategies for economic
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