Define motivation. Discuss the characteristics and categories of motivation.
Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals.
There are two types of motives : biological and psychosocial. Biological motives are also known as physiological motives as they are guided mostly by the physiological mechanisms of the body. Psychosocial motives, on the other hand, are primarily learned from the individual’s interactions with the various environmental factors. However, both types of motives are interdependent on each other. That is, in some kind of situations the biological factors may trigger a motive whereas in some other situations, the psychosocial factors may trigger the motive.
In the work goal context the psychological factors stimulating the people’s behaviour can be -
- desire for money
- success
- recognition
- job-satisfaction
- team work, etc
One of the most important functions of management is to create willingness amongst the employees to perform in the best of their abilities. Therefore the role of a leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in their jobs. The process of motivation consists of three stages:-
- A felt need or drive
- A stimulus in which needs have to be aroused
- When needs are satisfied, the satisfaction or accomplishment of goals.
Therefore, motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means needs and wants of the individuals have to be tackled by framing an incentive plan.
characteristics of motivation are as follows:
1. Motivation is a Psychological Concept:
Motivation has to come from within each individual. There are two desiring factors in motivation-(a) Fundamental needs, such as food, clothes and shelter and (6) Ego-satisfaction including self-esteem, recognition from others, opportunities for achievements, self-development and self actualization which act as powerful though unconscious, motivator of behaviour. Inner motivation can be more decisive for behaviour than any external influence.
2. Motivation
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