Question
सत्रीय कार्य तथा ट्यूटोरियल हस्तलिखित होना चाहिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 726
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मनोवैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान में सांख्यिकीय विधियाँ अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं, क्योंकि इनके माध्यम से व्यवहार, मानसिक प्रक्रियाओं और व्यक्तित्व से संबंधित तथ्यों का वैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण संभव होता है। मनोविज्ञान एक अनुभवजन्य विज्ञान है, जिसमें परिकल्पनाओं का परीक्षण, चर के मध्य संबंधों का अध्ययन तथा निष्कर्षों का सामान्यीकरण सांख्यिकीय उपकरणों की सहायता से किया जाता है। सांख्यिकी के अभाव में मनोवैज्ञानिक शोध केवल वर्णनात्मक रह जाएगा और उसमें वस्तुनिष्ठता तथा विश्वसनीयता का अभाव होगा। सांख्यिकीय विधियों को मुख्यतः दो भागों में विभाजित किया जाता है—वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी तथा अनुमापक सांख्यिकी। वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी के अंतर्गत आंकड़ों को व्यवस्थित, संक्षिप्त तथा सारगर्भित रूप में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। इसमें केंद्रीय प्रवृत्ति के माप जैसे माध्य, मध्यक और बहुलक का प्रयोग किया जाता है। माध्य सभी मानों का औसत होता है और यह वितरण की सामान्य प्रवृत्ति को दर्शाता है। मध्यक वह मान है जो आंकड़ों को दो समान भागों में विभाजित करता है, जबकि बहुलक वह मान है जो सर्वाधिक बार प्रकट होता है।
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