Question
मेगालिथिक संस्कृति क्या है? भारतीय जनजातियों में मेगालिथिक संस्कृति की चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 977
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Skip in 10
मेगालिथिक संस्कृति एक प्राचीन सांस्कृतिक परंपरा है जिसमें बड़े-बड़े पत्थरों का उपयोग धार्मिक, सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक उद्देश्यों के लिए किया जाता था। ‘मेगालिथ’ शब्द ग्रीक भाषा के ‘मेगा’ अर्थात् बड़ा और ‘लिथोस’ अर्थात् पत्थर से बना है। इस संस्कृति की प्रमुख विशेषता विशाल पत्थरों से निर्मित स्मारक और संरचनाएँ हैं, जिनमें विशेषकर दफन संस्कार, स्मारक स्तम्भ, शिलालेख और मोनोलिथ शामिल हैं। यह संस्कृति मुख्यतः नवपाषाण युग और ताम्र युग के बीच विकसित हुई मानी जाती है और यह समाज की धार्मिक और सामाजिक संरचना का परिचायक है। मेगालिथिक संस्कृति में मानव जीवन और मृत्यु के प्रति दृष्टिकोण, पूर्वजों की पूजा, और जीवन-मरण के रहस्यों को व्यक्त करने के प्रयास साफ दिखाई देते हैं। भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में मेगालिथिक संस्कृति का इतिहास प्राचीन है। यह संस्कृति विशेष रूप से भारत के दक्षिण, मध्य और पूर्वी भागों में विकसित हुई। आंध्र प्रदेश, महाराष्ट्र, ओडिशा, कर्नाटक, तमिलनाडु और केरल जैसे राज्यों में इसके प्रमाण व्यापक रूप से पाए जाते हैं। उत्तर भारत में भी राजस्थान और छत्तीसगढ़ के कुछ हिस्सों में मेगालिथिक स्मारक मिलते हैं। भारतीय मेगालिथिक संस्कृति का सबसे प्रमुख पहलू उसके दफन स्थल हैं, जिन्हें सामान्यतः ‘कोपर’ कहा जाता है। इन दफन स्थलों में पत्थर की संरचनाएँ, गड्ढे और कभी-कभी कंकाल पाए जाते हैं। इन स्थानों पर सामाजिक स्थिति, जाति और मृत्यु के समय व्यक्तियों के साथ किए गए धार्मिक कर्मों का संकेत मिलता है। भारतीय जनजातियों
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