Question
भारत में सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता और प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देने के लिए अपनाए गए वर्तमान कार्यक्रम और योजनाओं का सविस्तार वर्णन कीजिए |
Answer :
Word Count : 1121
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भारत में ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता और प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देने के लिए सरकार ने कई योजनाओं और कार्यक्रमों की शुरुआत की है। इन योजनाओं का उद्देश्य ग्रामीण समाज में शिक्षा का प्रसार करना, बच्चों की प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा सुनिश्चित करना, और वयस्कों में साक्षरता बढ़ाना है। शिक्षा को समाज के विकास का मुख्य आधार माना गया है, क्योंकि यह न केवल व्यक्तिगत विकास में सहायक होती है बल्कि सामाजिक और आर्थिक प्रगति का भी मार्ग प्रशस्त करती है। इस दृष्टि से भारत सरकार ने विभिन्न स्तरों पर नीतियों और कार्यक्रमों को लागू किया है। सर्व शिक्षा अभियान (SSA): सर्व शिक्षा अभियान भारत में प्राथमिक शिक्षा को सार्वभौमिक बनाने का प्रमुख प्रयास है। इसे 2001 में ‘सर्व शिक्षा अभियान’ के रूप में केंद्र सरकार द्वारा लागू किया गया। इस कार्यक्रम का लक्ष्य 6 से 14 वर्ष के सभी बच्चों को मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा प्रदान करना है। इस योजना के तहत स्कूलों की आधारभूत संरचना को सुदृढ़ करना, योग्य शिक्षकों की नियुक्ति करना, और बच्चों के लिए आवश्यक शैक्षिक सामग्री उपलब्ध कराना शामिल है। इसके अतिरिक्त, विशेष ध्यान उन बच्चों पर दिया गया जो किसी कारणवश शिक्षा से वंचित रह गए हैं। SSA के अंतर्गत बालिकाओं और वंचित वर्ग के बच्चों को विशेष प्राथमिकता दी जाती है। राष्ट्रीय बाल शिक्षा योजना (RMSA): राष्ट्रिय माध्यमिक शिक्षा अभियान का उद्देश्य केवल प्राथमिक शिक्षा तक ही सीमित नहीं है। भारत सरकार ने माध्यमिक स्तर की शिक्षा को भी बढ़ावा देने के लिए RMSA की शुरुआत की। इस योजना का मुख्य लक्ष्य 14 से 18 वर्ष के बच्चों के लिए उच्च
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