Question
द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के पश्वात् पश्चिम में युद्धोत्तर मार्क्सवादी इतिहासलेखन पर एक लेख लिखिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 956
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द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के पश्चात् पश्चिम में इतिहास लेखन की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन देखने को मिले। इस समय अनेक नवीन दृष्टिकोण और विमर्श उभरे, जिन्होंने इतिहास लेखन की परंपरागत प्रवृत्तियों को चुनौती दी। इस संदर्भ में युद्धोत्तर मार्क्सवादी इतिहासलेखन (Post-war Marxist Historiography) एक अत्यंत प्रभावशाली धारा के रूप में उभरा, जिसने समाज, वर्ग-संघर्ष, आर्थिक संरचना, और सत्ता-संबंधों के आधार पर ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं की पुनर्व्याख्या की। मार्क्सवादी इतिहासलेखन की बुनियाद कार्ल मार्क्स और फ्रेडरिक एंगेल्स के ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद (Historical Materialism) पर आधारित थी, जिसमें यह मान्यता थी कि समाज की संरचना, वर्ग-संघर्ष और उत्पादन के साधनों के स्वामित्व का इतिहास में केंद्रीय स्थान होता है। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद, पश्चिमी यूरोप, विशेषकर ब्रिटेन, फ्रांस और इटली जैसे देशों में मार्क्सवादी इतिहासकारों ने इन विचारों को आगे बढ़ाते हुए नए-नए आयामों को जन्म दिया। ब्रिटेन में युद्धोत्तर मार्क्सवादी इतिहासलेखन का प्रमुख केंद्र था “कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी हिस्ट्री ग्रुप” (Communist Party Historians Group) जिसकी स्थापना 1946 में हुई। इस समूह के अंतर्गत आने वाले प्रमुख इतिहासकारों में ई.पी. थॉम्पसन (E.P. Thompson), एरिक हॉब्सबॉम (Eric Hobsbawm), क्रिस्टोफर हिल (Christopher Hill), रॉडनी हिल्टन (Rodney Hilton) और राफेल सैमुएल (Raphael Samuel) जैसे विद्वान शामिल थे। इन इतिहासकारों ने इतिहास को शासकों और प्रभुत्वशाली वर्गों के दृष्टिकोण से देखने की परंपरा का विरोध किया और इतिहास को आम जन, श्रमिक वर्ग, किसानों और महिलाओं के दृष्टिकोण
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