Question
Solve the following differential equations:
i) 2 x + y + 3) dy/dx = x + 2 y + 1 .ii) ( x2 + 1) dy/dx + 2 xy = 4 x2.
Answer :
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i) The differential equation is: $$ (2x + y + 3)\frac{dy}{dx} = x + 2y + 1 $$ Rewriting: $$ \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{x + 2y + 1}{2x + y + 3}. $$ This is a first-order, non-linear differential equation. We can attempt the substitution $v = y + 2x$ to simplify: $$ y = v - 2x \implies \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dv}{dx} - 2 $$ Substitute into the equation: $$ (2x + (v-2x) + 3)(\frac{dv}{dx} - 2) = x + 2(v-2x) + 1 $$ Simplify left side: $v + 3$, right side: $x + 2v - 4x + 1 = 2v - 3x + 1$ $$ (v+3)(\frac{dv}{dx} - 2) = 2v - 3x + 1 $$ Expand: $ (v+3)\frac{dv}{dx} - 2(v+3) =
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