The concept of self-determination is a crucial and complex issue in the realm of International Relations, particularly when applied to multi-ethnic societies. Self-determination refers to the right of a community or a group of people to determine their own political status, economic development, and cultural identity. In theory, it is often considered a fundamental principle in promoting democracy, human rights, and the peaceful coexistence of diverse populations. However, when applied to multi-ethnic societies, the concept becomes a subject of intense debate and raises a myriad of challenges.

On one hand, the idea of self-determination is rooted in the principles of democracy and human rights. It recognizes the agency of individuals and communities to govern themselves in a manner that reflects their unique cultural, historical, and social context. In multi-ethnic societies, where different groups may have distinct identities and aspirations, the application of self-determination is seen as a means to address historical injustices, empower marginalized communities, and foster a sense of inclusivity.

However, the practical application of self-determination in multi-ethnic societies faces significant challenges. One major challenge is defining the boundaries of self-determination within the context