What is mental retardation? Enumerate its common characteristics. Discuss the role of teachers
in dealing with mentally retarded children.
Mental retardation is a condition in which people have below average intelligence that limits their ability to function normally. The condition, which is present from birth or childhood, has many different causes. Its effects range from mild to profound.
Mental retardation is a condition in which people have significantly below average mental functioning (an intelligence quotient or IQ of 70-75 or less compared to the normal average of 100), causing problems with everyday living. People who are mentally retarded may have problems with communication, taking care of themselves, daily living, social skills, community interactions, directing themselves, health and safety, school, leisure activities, and work.
Studies in the 1980s suggest that between 2.5 and 3 percent of all people in the United States are considered mentally retarded. According to the 1990 census, 6.3 and 7.5 million people in the United States have mental retardation.
The condition, which is more common in boys than girls, begins at birth or in childhood. If a person with normal intelligence becomes impaired as an adult, such as in severe mental illness or brain injury, the condition is not called mental retardation.
Characteristics of Children with Mental Retardation
Mental retardation means substantial limitations in age-appropriate intellectual and adaptive behavior. It is seldom a time-limited condition. Although many individuals with mental retardation make tremendous advancements in adaptive skills (some to the point of functioning independently and no longer being considered under any disability category), most are affected throughout their life span.
Many children with mild retardation are not identified until they enter school and sometimes not until the second or third grade, when more difficult academic work is required. Most students with mild mental retardation master academic skills up to about the sixth-grade level and are able to learn job skills well enough to support themselves independently or semi-independently. Some adults who have been identified with mild mental retardation develop excellent social and communication skills and once they leave school are no longer recognized as having a disability.
Children with moderate retardation show significant delays in development during their preschool years. As they grow older, discrepancies in overall intellectual development and adaptive functioning
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