The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial authority in the country, tasked with interpreting the Constitution and safeguarding the rights and liberties of the citizens. It plays a crucial role in shaping the democratic framework and ensuring the proper functioning of democracy. Its jurisdiction is a critical aspect of its power, with a broad scope that includes original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction.

Original Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court's original jurisdiction is defined under Article 131 of the Constitution. It involves disputes between two or more states or between the Centre and one or more states. The original jurisdiction of the Court is exercised when there are matters of federal importance, such as disputes regarding the division of powers, constitutional violations, or inter-state matters. The Court has the exclusive power to adjudicate on such issues, and its decisions are binding on the parties involved. However, the original jurisdiction does not extend to matters involving the violation of fundamental rights, which are typically heard in the High Courts or the Supreme Court's writ jurisdiction.

Appellate Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction is arguably its most significant function. Under Articles 132 to 136 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court hears appeals from lower courts, particularly from the High Courts. This includes appeals involving substantial questions of law, cases involving the interpretation