Question
रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनी' क्या है? रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनियों (विशिष्ट प्रायोजन) अधिनियम, 1985 (SICA) पर चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 991
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‘रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनी’ से आशय ऐसी औद्योगिक कंपनी से है जिसकी वित्तीय स्थिति निरंतर ह्रास की ओर चली गई हो और जो अपने संचयित घाटों के कारण अपनी निवल संपत्ति (net worth) का बड़ा भाग या संपूर्ण भाग खो चुकी हो। सामान्यतः ऐसी कंपनी उत्पादन, विपणन, वित्तीय प्रबंधन या तकनीकी कारणों से प्रतिस्पर्धा में पिछड़ जाती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप वह अपने दायित्वों का निर्वहन समय पर नहीं कर पाती। लगातार घाटा, पूंजी का क्षरण, ऋणों का बढ़ता बोझ, कार्यशील पूंजी की कमी, प्रबंधन की अक्षमता, पुरानी तकनीक, श्रमिक विवाद, बाजार में मांग की कमी, सरकारी नीतियों में परिवर्तन अथवा कुप्रबंधन जैसे कारण रुग्णता को जन्म देते हैं। ऐसी स्थिति न केवल कंपनी के अस्तित्व के लिए संकट पैदा करती है, बल्कि श्रमिकों, लेनदारों, निवेशकों और व्यापक अर्थव्यवस्था पर भी प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालती है। भारत में औद्योगिक विकास के दौरान 1970 और 1980 के दशक में अनेक कंपनियाँ वित्तीय संकट से गुजरने लगीं। इनके बंद होने से बेरोजगारी, उत्पादन में गिरावट और बैंकिंग क्षेत्र पर दबाव बढ़ने लगा। इस पृष्ठभूमि में सरकार ने रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनियों की पहचान, पुनर्वास तथा आवश्यक होने पर उनके समापन के लिए एक विशेष कानून बनाने की आवश्यकता महसूस की। इसी उद्देश्य से ‘रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनियाँ (विशिष्ट प्रावधान) अधिनियम, 1985’ अर्थात Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 (SICA) लागू किया गया। इस अधिनियम का मुख्य उद्देश्य रुग्ण औद्योगिक कंपनियों का समयबद्ध निदान (detection) करना तथा उनके पुनरुद्धार (revival) या पुनर्वास (rehabilitation) के लिए प्रभावी उपाय सुनिश्चित करना था। अधिनियम के अंतर्गत यह व्यवस्था की गई कि यदि किसी औद्योगिक कंपनी की संचित हानि
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