4. A vertical single and double slits and illuminated by a point source. Discuss the salient features of their Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Also, obtain an expression for intensity distribution in case of double slit.
Sure, let's discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns for a vertical single slit, a vertical double slit, and derive the expression for intensity distribution in the case of a double slit.
### Vertical Single Slit Diffraction:
#### Salient Features:
- Pattern Shape: The diffraction pattern consists of a central bright maximum (main lobe) surrounded by alternating bright and dark fringes (side lobes).
- Width of Central Maximum: The central maximum is wider compared to the side lobes.
- Intensity: The intensity decreases as we move away from the central maximum, and the fringes become less bright farther from the center.
### Vertical Double Slit Diffraction:
#### Salient Features:
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