Question
मम्मट के अनुसार काव्य हेतु का वर्णन करें ।
Answer :
Word Count : 898
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आचार्य मम्मट संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्र के प्रमुख आचार्यों में गिने जाते हैं। उन्होंने अपने प्रसिद्ध ग्रंथ ‘काव्यप्रकाश’ में काव्य के स्वरूप, प्रयोजन, दोष, गुण, अलंकार तथा रस आदि का अत्यंत व्यवस्थित विवेचन किया है। काव्य के निर्माण में जिन तत्त्वों की आवश्यकता होती है, उन्हें काव्य हेतु कहा जाता है। मम्मट ने काव्य की उत्पत्ति के लिए तीन प्रमुख हेतु माने हैं— प्रतिभा, व्युत्पत्ति और अभ्यास। इन तीनों के समन्वय से ही श्रेष्ठ काव्य की रचना संभव होती है। मम्मट का मत है कि केवल एक ही कारण से उत्कृष्ट काव्य की रचना नहीं हो सकती, बल्कि इन सभी कारणों का सामंजस्य आवश्यक है। मम्मट ने कहा है— “शक्तिर्निपुणता लोकशास्त्रकाव्याद्यवेक्षणात्। काव्यज्ञशिक्षयाभ्यास इति हेतुस्तदुद्भवे॥” इस श्लोक में उन्होंने काव्य के उद्भव के लिए आवश्यक कारणों का उल्लेख किया है। यहाँ ‘शक्ति’ से अभिप्राय प्रतिभा है, ‘निपुणता’ से व्युत्पत्ति तथा ‘अभ्यास’ का अर्थ सतत साधना से है। इन तीनों का संयुक्त रूप ही काव्य हेतु है। प्रतिभा को मम्मट ने काव्य का प्रधान हेतु माना है। प्रतिभा कवि की जन्मजात शक्ति होती है। यह वह नैसर्गिक क्षमता है जिसके कारण कवि साधारण वस्तुओं में भी असाधारण सौंदर्य का अनुभव करता है। प्रतिभा के अभाव में कोई व्यक्ति श्रेष्ठ कवि नहीं बन
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