Question
प्रोटेक्शनिज्म (Protectionism)
Answer :
Word Count : 555
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प्रोटेक्शनिज्म (Protectionism) से आशय ऐसी सरकारी व्यापार नीति से है जिसके अंतर्गत घरेलू उद्योगों, उत्पादकों और श्रमिकों को विदेशी प्रतिस्पर्धा से बचाने के लिए आयात पर विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रतिबंध या नियंत्रण लगाए जाते हैं। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में जब कोई देश मुक्त व्यापार के बजाय अपने घरेलू आर्थिक हितों को प्राथमिकता देता है, तो वह संरक्षणवादी नीतियों का प्रयोग करता है। इसका प्रमुख उद्देश्य घरेलू उत्पादन को प्रोत्साहित करना, रोजगार की रक्षा करना, नवोदित उद्योगों को विकसित करना तथा विदेशी वस्तुओं पर निर्भरता को कम करना होता है। संरक्षणवाद का सबसे प्रमुख साधन आयात शुल्क (Tariff) है। सरकार विदेशी वस्तुओं पर कर लगाती है, जिससे उनकी कीमत घरेलू बाजार में बढ़ जाती है और घरेलू उत्पाद अपेक्षाकृत सस्ते हो जाते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि किसी देश में विदेशी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वस्तुओं पर उच्च आयात शुल्क लगाया जाता है, तो
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