Question
नई औद्योगिक नीति के क्या उद्देश्य हैं? नीति की प्रमुख विशेषताओं का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1309
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Skip in 10
नई औद्योगिक नीति से आशय उन सरकारी उपायों, नियमों और सुधारों से है जिनके माध्यम से देश के औद्योगिक क्षेत्र के विकास, विस्तार, आधुनिकीकरण तथा वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धा को बढ़ावा दिया जाता है। भारत में 24 जुलाई 1991 को नई औद्योगिक नीति लागू की गई। यह नीति उस समय लाई गई जब भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था गंभीर भुगतान-संतुलन संकट, विदेशी मुद्रा की कमी, धीमी औद्योगिक वृद्धि और सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की अक्षमताओं जैसी समस्याओं से जूझ रही थी। नई औद्योगिक नीति ने भारत की औद्योगिक व्यवस्था में व्यापक परिवर्तन करते हुए लाइसेंस, नियंत्रण और सरकारी एकाधिकार पर आधारित व्यवस्था के स्थान पर उदारीकरण, निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी, प्रतिस्पर्धा और वैश्वीकरण को महत्व दिया। इसका प्रभाव भारत के विदेशी व्यापार पर भी पड़ा, क्योंकि औद्योगिक क्षेत्र को अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार के लिए अधिक खुला और प्रतिस्पर्धी बनाया गया। नई औद्योगिक नीति का प्रमुख उद्देश्य भारतीय उद्योगों को अनावश्यक सरकारी नियंत्रणों से मुक्त करना था। स्वतंत्रता के बाद औद्योगिक विकास के लिए औद्योगिक लाइसेंस, परमिट और अनेक प्रकार की सरकारी स्वीकृतियों की व्यवस्था विकसित हुई थी। इससे उद्योग स्थापित करने और उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाने में समय तथा लागत अधिक लगती थी। नई नीति का उद्देश्य इन नियंत्रणों को कम करके उद्यमियों को उद्योग स्थापित करने तथा विस्तार करने की अधिक स्वतंत्रता देना था। इसके माध्यम से औद्योगिक क्षेत्र में निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रिया को सरल और अधिक गतिशील बनाया गया। दूसरा महत्वपूर्ण उद्देश्य औद्योगिक क्षेत्र में प्रतिस्पर्धा को बढ़ावा देना था। सरकार ने यह महसूस किया कि प्रतिस्पर्धा के अभाव में उद्योगों की कार्यक्षमता, उत्पादकता और गुणवत्ता प्रभावित होती है। इसलिए निजी क्षेत्र को अधिक अवसर दिए गए और अनेक क्षेत्रों में सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के विशेषाधिकार समाप्त किए गए। प्रतिस्पर्धा के परिणामस्वरूप भारतीय उद्योगों को लागत कम करने, गुणवत्ता सुधारने, नई तकनीक अपनाने और उपभोक्ताओं
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