Question
जटिल रोग क्या हैं? जटिल रोगों को प्रभावित करने वाले पर्यावरणीय कारकों का विस्तार से वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 637
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Skip in 10
जटिल रोग वे रोग हैं जिनकी उत्पत्ति किसी एक जीन या एकमात्र पर्यावरणीय कारण से नहीं होती, बल्कि अनेक जीनों तथा विभिन्न पर्यावरणीय कारकों की संयुक्त क्रिया के परिणामस्वरूप होती है। इन रोगों में आनुवंशिक प्रवृत्ति व्यक्ति को संवेदनशील बनाती है, जबकि पर्यावरणीय परिस्थितियाँ रोग के विकास, तीव्रता तथा प्रगति को प्रभावित करती हैं। इन्हें बहुकारकीय (Multifactorial) रोग भी कहा जाता है। मधुमेह (टाइप-2), उच्च रक्तचाप, हृदय रोग, मोटापा, अस्थमा, कैंसर, अल्जाइमर रोग तथा मानसिक विकार जैसे अवसाद और सिज़ोफ्रेनिया इसके प्रमुख उदाहरण हैं। मानव जनसंख्या आनुवंशिकी में इन रोगों का अध्ययन विशेष महत्व रखता है क्योंकि विभिन्न जनसंख्या समूहों में आनुवंशिक विविधता तथा पर्यावरणीय परिस्थितियों के कारण इनकी व्यापकता अलग-अलग होती है। जटिल रोगों को प्रभावित करने वाला सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पर्यावरणीय कारक आहार है। असंतुलित भोजन,
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