Job production
Job production involves producing a one-off product for a specific customer. Job production is most often associated with small firms (making railings for a specific house, building/repairing a computer for a specific customer, making flower arrangements for a specific wedding etc.) but large firms use job production too. Examples include:
Designing and implementing an advertising campaign
Auditing the accounts of a large PUBLIC COMPANY.
Building a new factory
Installing machinery in a factory

Key benefits of job production include:
work is generally of a high quality
a high level of customisation is possible to meet the customer's exact requirements
significant flexibility is possible, especially when compared to mass production.
workers can be easily motivated due to the skilled nature of the work they are performing
Disadvantages include:
higher cost of production
requires the use of specialist labour (compare with the repetitive, low-skilled jobs in mass production.
slow compared to other methods of production.
Essential features
There are a number of features that should be implemented in a job production environment, they include:
Clear definitions of objectives should be set.
Clearly outlined decision making process.

Batch production is a manufacturing used to produce or process any product in BATCHES, as opposed to a CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION process, or a one-off production. The primary characeristic of batch production is that all components are completed at a workstation before they move to the next one. Batch production is popular in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints and adhesives. In the manufacture of inks and paints, a technique called a colour-run is used. A colour-run is where one manufactures the lightest color first, such as light yellow followed by the next increasingly darker colour such as orange, then red and so on until reaching black and then starts over again. This minimizes the cleanup and reconfiguring of the machinery between each batch. White (by which is meant opaque paint, not transparent ink) is the only colour that cannot be used in a colour run due to the fact that a small amount of white pigment can adversely affect the medium colours.
There are inefficiencies associated with batch production. The production equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Time between batches is known as 'down time'.
Batch production is useful for a factory that makes seasonal items or products for which it is difficult to FORECAST demand.
There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several PRODUCTS. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses who cannot afford to run continuous production lines. Also, companies can use batch production as a trial run. If a retailer buys a batch of a product that does not sell then the producer can cease production without having to sustain huge losses.
MOST PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES.
PFIZER [US]
BAXTER [ US ]

Mass production (also